Open heart surgery is a life-saving procedure designed to restore healthy blood flow and heart function when medication alone is insufficient. At Artemis Hospitals, our cardiac experts combine decades of experience with advanced surgical protocols to ensure complex heart conditions are treated with precision, offering you a path back to an active, healthy life.
Procedure At a Glance
Details | Open Heart Surgery |
Surgery | Open (Sternotomy) |
Duration | 2 - 3 hours (varies by complexity) |
Anaesthesia | General Anaesthesia |
Hospital Stay | 5 – 7 days (including ICU) |
Recovery Time | 1 week |
Success Rate | High (98%+ for standard procedures like CABG) |
What is Open Heart Surgery?
Open heart surgery is a procedure where surgeons treat problems with the heart muscle, valves, or arteries by opening the chest directly. It is essentially a "repair" for your body’s most vital organ to help it pump blood efficiently again.
It involves a surgical incision through the breastbone (sternotomy) or side incision (thoracotomy) to expose the heart. Depending on the procedure, the heart may be stopped while a heart-lung bypass machine takes over circulation (On-Pump), or the surgery may be performed on a beating heart (Off-Pump).
Open-heart surgery treats severe CAD, valve disease, heart failure, aneurysms, and congenital defects across ages and is used urgently or preventatively after heart attacks when other treatments fail.
What are the Different Types of Heart Surgeries?
While "Open Heart" is a specific technique, cardiac surgery has evolved. Below are the different approaches used at Artemis to treat heart conditions.
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): This surgery improves blood flow to the heart by creating a new pathway around blocked or narrowed arteries. Healthy blood vessels are used to bypass the blockage. The goal of CABG is to reduce chest pain, improve heart function, and lower the risk of heart attacks.
- Valve Repair/Replacement:This procedure corrects damaged or leaking heart valves, such as the mitral or aortic valve replacement. Repairing or replacing the valve helps blood flow smoothly in the right direction. It reduces symptoms like breathlessness and prevents further heart damage.
- Aortic Surgery:Aortic surgery is done to repair weak or damaged sections of the aorta, the body’s main artery. It treats serious conditions like aneurysms or dissections that can be life-threatening. The purpose is to prevent rupture and ensure safe blood circulation.
- Heart Transplant:This surgery replaces a severely failing heart with a healthy donor heart. It is recommended when other treatments are no longer effective. The goal is to restore the quality of life and improve long-term survival.
Open Heart vs. Minimally Invasive vs. Robotic Surgery
Type of Surgery | Incision Size | Pain Level | Recovery Time |
Open Heart Surgery | Large (4-6 inches) | Mild | 1 weeks |
Minimally Invasive | Small (2-3 inches) | Mild | 3-4 days |
Robotic Surgery | Very small (Keyhole) | Mild | 2 days |
When Should I Consult the Doctor For Open Heart Surgery?
If the patient has been diagnosed with severe coronary artery disease or valve issues, surgery may be the next step. An open heart surgery is recommended if the doctor suspects the following symptoms, which can disrupt daily lifestyle or may result in complications:
- Chest Pain (Angina): Severe, recurring pain or heaviness in the center of the chest.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing even during light activity or rest.
- Fatigue: Extreme tiredness or weakness that limits daily tasks.
- Palpitations: Irregular, rapid, or fluttering heartbeats.
If medication and lifestyle changes aren't improving your heart health, schedule a consultation at Artemis Hospitals with our top cardiac surgeon today.
Warning Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore (Complications)
- Pain spreading to the arm, neck, or jaw.
- Sudden fainting or lightheadedness.
- Severe swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet (Edema).
- Cold sweats associated with chest discomfort.
Severe Chest Pain or Worsening Heart Symptoms? Seek immediate cardiac consultation—timely intervention can be life-saving.
How Can I Prepare For Open Heart Surgery?
Preparing for surgery is an important step toward a safe procedure and smooth recovery. Knowing what to expect can help reduce anxiety and improve outcomes. From medical tests to arranging blood, proper preparation ensures your body and mind are ready for surgery.
Days Before Surgery
- Medical Tests: Complete all required blood work, ECGs, and Chest X-rays.
- Medication Adjustments: Stop blood thinners as advised by your surgeon by midnight.
- Dental Check: Ensure no gum infections, as oral bacteria can impact heart valves.
One Day Before Surgery
- Fasting Instructions: usually strictly NPO (Nil Per Os) after midnight.
- Hygiene Guidelines: Shower with special antibacterial soap provided by the hospital to reduce infection risk.
On the Day of Surgery
- Documents: Carry ID, insurance papers, and medical reports.
- Clothing: Wear loose, comfortable clothing and remove all jewelry, dentures, or contact lenses.
What Happens During Open Heart Surgery?
Artemis Hospitals has advanced OT infrastructure and real-time monitoring to ensure maximum safety during these critical steps for Open Heart Surgery.
Before You Enter the Operation Theatre (OT)
Once the patient is shifted to the OT, a trained medical team is already prepared for the surgery. This usually includes the main cardiac surgeon, assistant surgeons, an anesthetist, perfusionist (who manages the heart–lung machine), OT nurses, and technicians, typically 8–12 specialists, each responsible for a specific task. Continuous monitoring begins immediately.
Anesthesia
The patient is put under the influence of general anesthesia, which means they are put in a controlled sleep. Patients will not feel pain, hear sounds, or remember anything during the surgery. A breathing tube is placed to support the lungs and vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels.
Making the Incision (Access to the Heart)
The surgeon makes a vertical incision along the center of the chest. The breastbone (sternum) is carefully divided to create a clear and safe pathway to the heart. This approach provides maximum visibility and control, which is essential for complex heart procedures. Every movement is precise and planned.
Heart–Lung Machine Support
In most surgeries, a heart–lung bypass machine is connected to your body. This machine temporarily takes over the function of your heart and lungs, pumping blood and supplying oxygen, so the surgeon can safely stop the heart and operate on it without blood flow interfering with the repair.
Performing the Heart Repair
Once the heart is still, the surgeon carries out the required procedure, such as bypassing blocked arteries, repairing or replacing valves, or correcting structural defects. Specialized, high-precision instruments are used to ensure accuracy. Throughout this time, the patient’s body remains fully supported by advanced monitoring systems.
Restarting the Heart
After the repair is complete, the heart is gently restarted. Doctors carefully observe how it begins beating again and ensure it is functioning properly. The heart–lung machine is then slowly disconnected as the heart takes over its normal role.
Closing the Chest
The breastbone is brought back together and secured using strong surgical wires, similar to how a broken bone is stabilized to heal naturally over time. The muscles and skin are then closed with sutures or staples. Dressings are applied to protect the incision.
What to Expect After Open Heart Surgery?
Now, the patient is shifted to the ICU while still under close observation. They may wake up a few hours later as the anaesthesia wears off. A dedicated care team continues monitoring them 24/7 to ensure a safe and smooth recovery. Recovery is a gradual process that begins the moment you wake up. Here is what you can expect after the open heart surgery:
Immediately After Surgery
- Recovery Room (ICU): The patient will be moved to the ICU for close monitoring. They may have a breathing tube for a few hours.
- Pain Management: IV medications will be used to manage soreness and keep them comfortable.
First Few Days
- Hospital Stay: The patient will move to a regular room once stable.
- Mobility:Physiotherapists will help the patient sit up and take short walks to prevent clots and improve lung function.
Long-term Prognosis
- Follow-up Visits: Removal of stitches and checking bone healing.
What is Normal vs When to Call a Doctor?
Normal After Surgery | When to Call a Doctor |
Mild to moderate incision pain | Severe chest pain not relieved by meds |
Poor appetite initially | Sudden high fever (above 100.4°F) |
Slight swelling in legs | Redness, oozing pus, or heat at incision site |
Fatigue or sleeping often | Clicking sound or movement in the breastbone |
What are the Advantages of Heart Bypass Surgery?
For many patients, heart surgery is more than a medical procedure, it is a turning point. It addresses the root cause of heart problems, not just the symptoms, allowing patients to move forward with renewed confidence and strength. When performed at the right time, surgery can dramatically change both health outcomes and everyday life.
- Long-Term Symptom Relief: Heart surgery restores proper blood flow and heart function, which significantly reduces or completely relieves symptoms like chest pain, breathlessness, fatigue, and dizziness. Many patients notice they can breathe easier, walk longer, and sleep better without constant discomfort or anxiety.
- Extended Lifespan and Heart Protection: By treating severe blockages, faulty valves, or structural heart defects, surgery lowers the risk of life-threatening complications such as heart attacks, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest. This proactive correction helps protect the heart for years to come and improves long-term survival.
- Improved Quality of Life: After recovery, patients often regain the confidence to return to daily activities they once avoided—such as walking, climbing stairs, traveling, or light exercise. Hobbies, social interactions, and family time become enjoyable again, without the constant fear of triggering symptoms.
- Better Mental and Emotional Well-Being: Relief from persistent symptoms often leads to reduced stress and anxiety. Knowing that the heart issue has been addressed brings peace of mind, allowing patients and families to focus on living well rather than managing illness.
Are There Any Risks Associated with the Procedure?
Like all major surgeries, open heart surgery carries risks, though modern medicine has drastically reduced them. Risks may include bleeding, infection, arrhythmias, or reactions to anaesthesia.
How Artemis Hospitals, Gurugram minimises surgical risks?
- Pre-surgical Evaluation: Comprehensive screening to ensure you are fit for the procedure.
- Experienced Surgeons: Our team consists of internationally trained cardiac specialists.
- Advanced Monitoring: State-of-the-art ICU facilities detect and treat minor complications before they become major issues.
Advised Open Heart Surgery? Don’t Decide Alone
Consult an experienced cardiac surgeon to find the right treatment option for you.
What are the Recovery Tips After Open Heart Surgery?
A disciplined recovery ensures the best results.
Do’s | Don’ts |
Take medicines on time, especially blood thinners and antibiotics. | Do not ignore new pain or symptoms of infection. |
Follow diet advice; low salt, low fat, and high protein for healing. | Do not lift heavy objects (over 5kg) for at least 6-8 weeks. |
Use a support pillow against your chest when coughing. | Do not drive until your surgeon clears you (usually 4-6 weeks). |
Attend all follow-up appointments and cardiac rehab sessions. | Do not smoke; it severely hinders healing and artery health. |
Why Choose Artemis Hospitals for Open Heart Surgery in Gurgaon?
Choosing the right hospital for heart surgery is a critical decision—one that directly impacts safety, recovery, and long-term outcomes. At Artemis Hospitals, every aspect of cardiac care is designed around one goal: delivering the highest standards of treatment with compassion and precision. From diagnosis to recovery, patients are supported by expertise, technology, and a deep commitment to care.
- Multispecialty Expertise Under One Roof: At Artemis, open heart surgery is managed by a highly coordinated team of cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, anaesthetists, intensivists, perfusionists, and specialized nursing staff. This collaborative approach ensures accurate diagnosis, seamless surgery planning, and comprehensive post-operative care, all within a single hospital system.
- Internationally Trained and Experienced Surgeons: Our cardiac surgeons are trained at leading national and international institutes and bring extensive experience in handling complex heart conditions. With a strong track record of successful outcomes, they are skilled in performing high-risk and advanced cardiac procedures with confidence and precision.
- Advanced Operation Theatres and Technology: Artemis Hospitals is equipped with state-of-the-art cardiac operation theatres featuring advanced heart–lung bypass machines, real-time monitoring systems, and high-precision surgical tools. This modern infrastructure enhances surgical accuracy, improves patient safety, and supports faster recovery.
- Patient-First, Compassionate Care: Beyond medical excellence, Artemis is known for its patient-centered approach. From transparent communication and emotional support to guided rehabilitation and follow-up care, every patient receives personalized attention. Dedicated care coordinators and support teams ensure comfort, clarity, and continuity at every step of the journey.
Reviewed by Dr. SN Khanna
Chairperson, Adult Cardiac Surgery & Heart - Lung Transplant
Artemis Hospitals
